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All issues Volume 30 / No 2 (April-June 2010) Agron. Sustain. Dev., 30 2 (2010) 367-400 Full HTML
Open Access
Review

Table V

Laboratory studies of pesticide degradation under different tillage practices.

Pesticide Tillage1 Depth Soil properties Water
content		 Temperature Incubation
duration		 DT22 CO22 NER2 Reference
Clay Organic
carbon		 pH
cm g kg−1 g g−1 °C d d % applied
dose		 % applied
dose
Acifluorfen NT
NT
CT
CT		 0-10
20-30
0-10
20-30		 -
-
-
-		 10.2
4.4
8.7
4.9		 5.6∗
5.7∗
5.8∗
5.8∗		 0.35 25 49 108
165
74
169		 5
4
6
5		 9
5
12
3		 (Gaston and
Locke, 2000)
Alachlor NT (7)3
CT		 0-5
0-5		 -
-		 22.0
11.6		 5.3∗
5.1∗		 0.35 25 54 6.5
6.5		 13
7		 54
43		 (Locke et al.,
1996)
Alachlor NT
CT		 0-30
0-30		 -
-		 -
-		 -
-		 -
-		 -
-		 -
-		 ≈ 3
≈ 3		 -
-		 -
-		 (Weed et al.,
1998)
Bentazon NT
NT
CT
CT		 0-10
20-30
0-10
20-30		 -
-
-
-		 10.2
4.4
8.7
4.9		 5.6∗
5.7∗
5.8∗
5.8∗		 0.30 25 22 50
87
39
77		 2
2
3
2		 15
8
20
9		 (Gaston et al.,
1996)
Bentazon (soil columns) NT
NT
CT
CT		 0-10
10-20
0-10
10-20		 -
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-		 17-234
69
12-14
23-35		 0.1
0.1		 15-17
8-12		 (Gaston and
Locke, 1996)
Bentazon NT (9)
CT
NT (16)
CT
NT (18)
CT
NT (4)
CT
NT (3)
CT		 0-7.5 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 15.3
13.1
48.0
18.9
30.6
17.8
20.4
17.7
10.2
8.7		 5.4∗
5.7∗
6.3∗
4.5∗
6.8∗
6.4∗
6.3∗
5.0∗
5.6∗
5.8∗		 0.33 25 48
48
48
48
22		 7
9
9
15
9
8
11
11
50
39		 12
17
18
14
14
14
15
14
2
3		 63
65
60
53
61
62
59
59
15
20		 (Wagner et al.,
1996)
Chlorimuron NT
CT
NT
CT
NT
CT		 0-7.5 280
250
330
260
-
-		 30.6
17.8
46.0
19.2
15.3
13.1		 6.6∗
6.4∗
6.2∗
4.5∗
5.4∗
5.7∗		 0.31 - 63 -
-
-
-
-
-		 10
12
11
14
16
16		 22
18
24
15
24
24		 (Reddy et al.,
1995b)
Diclosulam NT
CT		 0-10
0-10		 355
341		 19.9
12.8		 5.0∗
4.4∗		 60
%WHC5		 25 119 67
87		 14
11		 29
24		 (Lavorenti et al.,
2003)
Fluometuron NT (11)
NT
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT
CT		 0-2
2-5
5-10
10-25
0-2
2-5
5-10
10-25		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 30.1
11.8
5.9
3.3
20.3
11.2
6.9
4.4		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 0.33 28 25 20
19
48
50
9
11
25
94		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 24
25
13
9
43
31
23
7		 (Zablotowicz
et al., 2000)
Fluometuron NT+Adv6
NT+V6
NT+B6
CT+Adv
CT+V
CT+B		 0-3
0-3
0-3
0-3
0-3
0-3		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 7.2
9.1
9.2
3.4
4.6
4.9		 5.2
5.5
6.1
5.7
5.5
5.8		 33 kPa7 25 60 6
44
9
44
74
23		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 (Gaston et al.,
2001)
Fluometuron NT+Adv
NT+V
NT+B
CT+Adv
CT+V
CT+B		 0-7.5
0-7.5
0-7.5
0-7.5
0-7.5
0-7.5		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 13.9
15.6
11.2
7.4
7.4
7.8		 5.2
5.5
6.1
5.7
5.5
5.8		 PS 25 109 9
9
9
19
12
9		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 (Gaston et al.,
2003)
Fluometuron NT (11)
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT
NT+V (11)
NT+V
NT+V
CT+V
CT+V
CT+V		 0-4
4-8
8-15
0-4
4-8
8-15
0-4
4-8
8-15
0-4
4-8
8-15		 150
150
160
130
140
150
150
150
150
140
150
150		 20.0
10.0
9.0
13.0
13.0
11.0
25.0
11.0
9.0
15.0
15.0
11.0		 5.1
5.5
6.5
5.5
5.7
6.3
4.7
4.9
5.7
5.0
5.0
5.6		 0.25 30 84 57
79
49
49
55
52
78
90
83
71
68
52		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 (Brown et al.,
1994)
Imazaquin SS (3)
CT		 -
-		 660 16.9 6.4 0.25-0.30 30-25 6 12-16 -
-		 -
-		 (Seifert et al.,
2001a)
Sulfentrazone NT
CT		 0-7.5 230
210		 21.4
16.0		 -
-		 0.30 -
-		 77 -
-		 2
2		 27
23		 (Reddy and
Locke, 1998)
1

Codes of tillage practices are reported in Table I.

2

DT50: pesticide half-life; CO2: mineralisation; NER: non-extractable residues.

3

Numbers in parenthesis indicate the age in years of the tillage system.

4

Hyphens are used to indicate the range of variation of values.

5

Water content expressed in % of the water-holding capacity (WHC).

6

Adv: weed residues; B: wheat residues; V: vetch residues.

7

Water content expressed with the corresponding matric potential (kPa).

∗

pH CaCl2.