Tillage management effects on pesticide fate in soils. A review | Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Agronomy

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Review

Table IV

Field studies of pesticide degradation under different tillage practices.

Pesticide	Tillage¹	Depth	Soil properties			DT₅₀²	Reference

			Clay	Organic carbon	pH
		cm		gkg⁻¹		d
Alachlor	NT CT	0-30 0-30	- -	- -	- -	< 1 < 1	(Weed et al., 1998)

Alachlor encapsulated alachlor	NT CT NT CT	0-110 0-110 0-110 0-110	- - - -	- - - -	- - - -	8-41 8-41 4-20 4-20	(Gish et al., 1994)

Atrazine	NT CT	0-10	- -	- -	- -	50 42	(Ghadiri et al., 1984)

Atrazine	NT CT	0-50 0-70	- -	- -	- -	71 73	(Gish et al., 1991)

Atrazine encapsulated atrazine	NT CT NT CT	0-110 0-110 0-110 0-110	- - - -	- - - -	- - - -	36 36 110 110	(Gish et al., 1994)

Atrazine	NT NT+Rg³ CT CT+Rg	0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10	390	14.5	5.4	45, 36, 56⁴ 40, 33, 54 46, 34, 54 35, 59, 24	(Gaynor et al., 2000)

Atrazine	NT RT top RT furrow CT	0-10	- - - -	- - - -	- - - -	43, 56, 43, 35 33, 75, 53, 36 31, 47, 53, 35 33, 62, 58, 47	(Gaynor et al., 1998)

Atrazine	NT CT	0-50	17-26 16-24	11.0 7.0	6-6.5 4.8-5	35, 25,12, 23 37, 21, 29, 18	(Isensee and Sadeghi, 1994)

Atrazine	NT CT	0-150	55-166 59-179	0.1-9.7 1.2-4.4	5.3-6.1 5.5-6.7	149 215	(Heatwole et al., 1997)

Atrazine	NT (7)⁵ CT CT → NT NT (7) → CT	0-50	- - - -	- - - -	- - - -	12 22 -, 21, 32 -, 17, 23	(Sadeghi and Isensee, 1996)

Clomazon	RT CT	0-10	230	23.2	6.0	52, 91 58, 83	(Curran et al., 1992)

Chlorimuron	NT CT NT CT	- - - -	260 260 220 220	10.4 10.4 8.7 8.7	7.8 7.8 6.3 6.3	32, 14, 22 44, 13, 18 17, 82 14, 22	(Baughman et al., 1996)

Cyanazine	NT CT	-0-50 0-70	- -	- -	- -	13 13	(Gish et al., 1991)

Fluometuron	NT, NT+Rg CT, CT+Rg	0-2	- -	- -	- -	7-15	(Locke et al., 2005)

Fluometuron	NT NT+V² CT CT+V	0-8	150 150 130 140	8.7 10.4 7.6 8.7	5.2 4.8 5.6 5.0	30, 23 38, 19 24, 26 30, 25	(Brown et al., 1996)

Imazapic	NT (3) CT NT CT	0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10	780 280	20.3 27.3	4.7 5.8	66 45 35 32	(Ulbrich et al., 2005)

Imazapyr	NT (3) CT NT CT	0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10	780 280	20.3 27.3	4.7 5.8	53 50 43 45	(Ulbrich et al., 2005)

Imazaquin	RT CT	0-10	230	23.2	6.0	39, 144 41, 117	(Curran et al., 1992)

Imazaquin	NT CT	0-20	- -	16.9, 19.8	5.9, 6.4	27, 33 53, 22	(Mills and Witt, 1991)

Imazethapyr	RT CT	0-10	230	23.2	6.0	82, 53 122, 56	(Curran et al., 1992)

Imazethapyr	NT CT	0-20	- -	16.9, 19.8	5.9, 6.4	36, 40 40, 12	(Mills and Witt, 1991)

Isoproturon	NT RT CT	0-30 0-30 0-30	170 170 170	6.1 5.8 4.5	- - -	12 8 15	(Otto et al., 1997)

Metolachlor	NT RT CT	0-30 0-30 0-30	170 170 170	6.1 5.8 4.5	- - -	9 26 29	(Otto et al., 1997)

Metolachlor	NT CT	0-150	55-166 59-179	0.1-9.7 1.2-4.4	5.3-6.1 5.5-6.7	45 34	(Heatwole et al., 1997)

Metolachlor	NT RT top RT furrow CT	0-10	- - - -	- - - -	- - - -	40, 65, 37, 30 23, 87, 41, 35 28, 42, 40, 28 32, 68, 43, 40	(Gaynor et al., 1998)

Metolachlor	NT NT+Rg CT CT+Rg	0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10	390	14.5	5.4	46, 42, 72 42, 40, 69 42, 45, 79 44, 44, 97	(Gaynor et al., 2000)

Metribuzin	NT NT+Rg CT CT+Rg	0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10	390	14.5	5.4	24, 27, 34 24, 26, 36 23, 29, 32 24, 29, 37	(Gaynor et al., 2000)

Metribuzin	NT CT NT CT	0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5	- - - -	13.3 18.0	5.7 5.1	12, 11 5, 17 15, 15 13, 11	(Sorenson et al., 1991)

Terbuthylazine	NT RT CT	0-30 0-30 0-30	170 170 170	6.1 5.8 4.5		25 32 22	(Otto et al., 1997)

Codes of tillage practices are reported in Table I.

DT₅₀: pesticide half-life.

Rg: ray-grass residues; V: vetch residues.

⁴

Commas are used to separate different years of study.

⁵

Numbers in parenthesis indicate the age in years of the tillage system.