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All issues Volume 30 / No 2 (April-June 2010) Agron. Sustain. Dev., 30 2 (2010) 367-400 Full HTML
Open Access
Review

Table III

Sorption properties of pesticides under different tillage practices.

Pesticide Tillage1 Depth. Soil properties K D K F K OC Reference
Clay Organic carbon (OC) pH
cm g kg−1 L kg−1 LnF mg(1 − nF)kg − 1 L kg−1 OC
Acetochlor NT
CT		 0-10 -
-		 16.6
13.3		 -
-		 2.7
1.7		 - - 166
126		 (Ferri et al., 2002)
Acifluorfen NT
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT		 0-10
10-20
20-30
0-10
10-20
20-30		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 10.2
5.6
4.4
8.7
6.4
4.9		 5.6∗
5.3∗
5.7∗
5.8∗
5.8∗
5.8∗		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 0.8
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.5		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 (Gaston and Locke, 2000)
Alachlor NT
CT		 0-5
0-5		 290
260		 16.7
10.2		 5.5∗
5.5∗		 5.4
3.5		 5.6
3.6		 323
342		 (Locke, 1992)
Alachlor NT
NT
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT
CT		 0-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
0-5
5-10
10-15
15-20		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 72.5
29.0
29.5
32.5
30.0
26.0
29.0 28.0		 4.7∗
5.0∗
6.2∗
6.4∗
5.5∗
6.0∗
5.2∗
5.7∗		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 6.0
3.6
4.0
3.7
3.6
4.0
3.9
4.0		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 (Clay et al., 1991)
Alachlore NT + B2
NT + V2
NT
CT + B
CT + V
CT		 0-15 -
-
-
-
-
-		 8.4
8.6
6.7
4.7
5.7
6.3		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 0.9
1.1
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.6		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 110
130
143
99
95
91		 (Xue et al., 1997)
Atrazine NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT
CT		 0-2.5
2.5-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
20-25
25-30
30-35
35-40
0-2.5
2.5-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
20-25
25-30
30-35
35-40		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 19.1
15.1
10.4
10.4
10.4
8.1
7.0
6.4
5.8
12.8
12.8
11.6
11.0
10.4
8.1
7.0
5.2
4.7		 5.2
5.0
5.8
6.2
6.3
6.5
6.7
6.8
6.9
5.6
5.2
5.7
6.2
6.3
6.6
6.7
6.9
7.0		 7.8
7.1
7.0
7.3
7.0
6.2
6.1
6.1
5.8
7.4
7.5
7.6
6.7
6.5
6.5
6.0
5.7
5.5		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 (Ghadiri et al., 1984)
Atrazine NT
CT		 0-15 -
-		 10.6
9.8		 -
-		 1.7
1.4		 -
-		 -
-		 (Novak et al., 1996)
Bentazon NT
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT		 0-10
10-20
20-30
0-10
10-20
20-30		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 10.2
5.6
4.4
8.7
6.4
4.9		 5.6∗
5.3∗
5.7∗
5.8∗
5.8∗
5.8∗		 0.03 0.04 -
-
-
-
-
-		 (Gaston et al., 1996)
Chlorimuron NT
CT
NT
CT
NT
CT		 0-7.5 280
250
330
260
-
-		 30.6
17.8
46.0
19.2
15.3
13.1		 6.6∗
6.4∗
6.2∗
4.5∗
5.4∗
5.7∗		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 1.0
0.6
6.5
2.1
2.1
1.6		 31
31
142
108
141
125		 (Reddy et al., 1995a)
Clopyralid NT (9)3
CT
NT (8)
CT		 0-5 145
145
532
520		 23.7
22.7
47.0
44.5		 5.1
5.8
4.9
5.4		 1.0
0.3
1.6
2.1		 -
-
-
-		 21
2
51
32		 (Shang and Arshad, 1998)
Cyanazine NT (10)
CT		 0-5 230
210		 21.4
16.0		 5.2
5.3		 3.5
2.2		 -
-		 165
140		 (Reddy et al., 1997b)
Dicamba NT (9)
CT
NT (8)
CT		 0-5 145
145
532
520		 23.7
22.7
47.0
44.5		 5.1
5.8
4.9
5.4		 0.2
Undetected
1.4
1.6		 -
-
-
-		 13
Undetected
23
23		 (Shang and Arshad, 1998)
Diclosulam NT
CT		 0-10
0-10		 355
341		 19.9
12.8		 5.0∗
4.4∗		 1.9
2.0		 1.8
1.9		 98
159		 (Lavorenti et al., 2003)
Fluometuron NT+Adv2
NT+ Adv
NT+V
NT+V
NT+B
NT+B
CT+ Adv
CT+ Adv
CT+V
CT+V
CT+B
CT+B		 0-3
3-6
0-3
3-6
0-3
3-6
0-3
3-6
0-3
3-6
0-3
3-6		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 13.9
8.0
15.6
7.3
11.2
4.7
7.4
7.0
7.4
6.6
7.8
5.8		 5.2
5.5
5.5
5.2
6.1
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.5
5.0
5.8
5.1		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 2.0
1.0
1.8
1.2
1.8
1.3
0.8
1.2
0.9
1.1
1.0
0.8		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 (Gaston et al., 2001)
Fluometuron NT
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT
NT+V
NT+V
NT+V
CT+V
CT+V
CT+V		 0-4
4-8
8-15
0-4
4-8
8-15
0-4
4-8
8-15
0-4
4-8
8-15		 150
150
160
130
140
150
150
150
150
140
150
150		 20.0
10.0
9.0
13.0
13.0
11.0
25.0
11.0
9.0
15.0
15.0
11.0		 5.1
5.5
6.5
5.5
5.7
6.3
4.7
4.9
5.7
5.0
5.0
5.6		 2.2
1.7
1.4
1.7
2.1
1.4
3.0
1.0
1.3
2.1
2.2
1.6		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 (Brown et al., 1994)
Fluometuron NT (11)
NT
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT
CT		 0-2
2-5
5-10
10-25
0-2
2-5
5-10
10-25		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 30.1
11.8
5.9
3.3
20.3
11.2
6.9
4.4		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 7.2
2.0
1.4
1.5
1.9
2.2
1.0
1.2		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 (Zablotowicz et al., 2000)
Fluometuron NT
CT		 0-8
0-8		 130
100		 24.5
14.2		 5.1∗
5.2∗		 2.0
1.3		 -
-		 80
92		 (Suba and Essington, 1999)
Fluometuron NT
NT
NT+Rg2
NT+Rg
CT
CT
CT+Rg
CT+Rg
RT
RT
RT+S
RT+S
CT
CT
CT+S
CT+S
RT
RT
RT+S
RT+S
CT
CT
CT+S
CT+S		 0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 13.9
6.1
19.8
6.9
8.0
6.0
9.5
7.3
12.2
6.7
12.6
7.1
6.4
8.4
6.8
7.9
10.3
9.5
8.8
8.5
9.0
8.6
8.7
8.6		 6.7
5.9
6.0
5.7
6.5
5.8
6.4
5.7
6.5
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.1
6.4
6.1
6.6
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.5		 2.4
1.6
5.0
1.4
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.0
0.6
0.4
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 (Locke et al., 2005)
MCPA NT (9)
CT
NT (8)
CT		 0-5 145
145
532
520		 23.7
22.7
47.0
44.5		 5.1
5.8
4.9
5.4		 2.0
0.7
7.3
10.4		 -
-
-
-		 63
40
168
182		 (Shang and Arshad, 1998)
Metolachlor NT
NT
CT
CT		 0-5
10-15
0-5
10-15		 -
-
-
-		 15.4
3.5
8.5
5.4		 -
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-		 3.5
1.3
2.0
1.4		 230
360
240
256		 (Ding et al., 2002b)
Norflurazon NT
CT		 0-8
0-8		 130
100		 24.5
14.2		 5.1∗
5.2∗		 12.1
6.5		 -
-		 496
456		 (Suba and Essington, 1999)
Norflurazon NT
NT
NT+Rg
NT+Rg
CT
CT
CT+Rg
CT+Rg		 0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10
0-2
2-10		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 13.9
6.1
19.8
6.9
8.0
6.0
9.5
7.3		 6.7
5.9
6.0
5.7
6.5
5.8
6.4
5.7		 2.2
1.6
3.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.3
2.1		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-		 (Locke et al., 2005)
Sulfentrazon NT
CT
NT
CT
NT
CT		 0-7.5 280
250
330
260
230
210		 30.6
17.8
46.0
19.2
21.4
16.0		 6.6∗
6.4∗
6.2∗
4.5∗
5.2∗
5.3∗		 0.9
0.8
3.2
2.9
2.3
1.5		 1.2
1.0
3.4
2.6
3.3
1.8		 30
47
71
153
96
106		 (Reddy and Locke, 1998)
2,4-Dichlorophenol NT (9)
NT
NT
CT
CT
CT		 0-3
3-10
10-25
0-3
3-10
10-25		 188
177
168
132
155
143		 27.0
16.7
10.3
11.3
11.6
11.3		 6.6∗
6.6∗
6.4∗
6.1∗
6.1∗
6.2∗		 4.2
2.2
1.3
1.7
1.6
1.4		 -
-
-
-
-
-		 155
132
122
150
140
126		 (Düring et al., 2002)
1

Codes of tillage practices are reported in Table I.

2

Adv: weed residues; B: wheat residues; Rg: ray-grass residues; S: rye residues; V: vetch residues.

3

Numbers in parenthesis indicate the age in years of the tillage system.

*

pH CaCl2.