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Table II

Measured corn grain yielda in full plots or subplotsb and estimated weed-free full plot yield at the Farming Systems Project.

Year Systemc Measured grain yield Estimated yield
(Mg ha−1) (Mg ha−1)


Full plot Subplot Subplot Full plot
weedy weedy weed-free weed-free
1997 NT 3.70 a 2.70 a 3.43 a 4.14 a
Org2 1.67 b 2.10 a 3.11 a 2.56 b
Org3 2.79 a 3.49 a 3.74 a 3.27 ab
Org4d - - - -
1998 NT 1.81 a fwe fw 2.11 b
Org2 1.91 a 1.50 a 2.79 a 4.71 a
Org3 2.31 a 1.30 a 1.92 a 3.09 b
Org4 2.72 a 1.93 a 2.91 a 3.12 b
2001 NT 7.75 a 8.10 a 8.52 a 8.85 a
Org2 4.89 b 5.08 c 6.44 b 5.88 b
Org3 4.82 b 4.46 c 5.74 b 5.56 b
Org4 7.95 a 6.66 b 8.30 a 8.54 a
2002 NT 3.81 a fw fw 3.91 a
Org2 0.02 b 0.20 a 1.44 a 0.72 b
Org3 - - - -
Org4 0.98 b 0.91 a 2.59 a 3.34 a
2004 NT 12.52 a fw fw 12.52 a
Org2 7.38 b 8.18 a 8.86 a 7.38 b
Org3 8.08 b 8.40 a 8.59 a 8.08 b
Org4 8.33 b fw fw 8.33 b
2005 NT 10.30 a fw fw 10.31 a
Org2 6.09 c 7.18 a 7.87 a 6.88 c
Org3 8.89 b 7.53 a 8.97 a 9.17 ab
Org4 8.72 b fw fw 8.79 b
a

Values followed by the same letter within a column and year are not significantly different (P < 0.05).

b

“Full plot” refers to plots 12 rows (9.1 m) by 111 m long from which yield was taken from the middle 4 rows. “Subplot” refers to a 4 row (3.0 m) by 6.1 m long area within a full plot from which yield was taken from the middle 2 rows.

c

NT = conventional no-tillage system, Org2 = two-year corn-soybean organic rotation, Org3 = three-year corn-soybean-wheat organic rotation, Org4 = four-year corn-soybean-wheat-hay organic rotation.

d

There was no corn that followed two years of hay in this startup phase of the project.

e

Subplots were not established in systems where there was low weed abundance at the time of subplot establishment (fw = few weeds).