Culture in vitro de la renoncule des fleuristes (Ranunculus asiaticus L). III Étude des plantes produites par embryogenèse somatique à partir des tissus superficiels de l'anthère

Résumé - Les tissus superficiels de l'anthère de R asiaticus peuvent donner par embryogenèse directe, sans cal apparent, des plantes vigoureuses, généralement diploïdes, rarement tétraploïdes ou aneuploïdes, jamais haploïdes, de même structure allélique S (sauf mutation) que leur donneur. Malgré leur origine somatique, ces plantes présentent une variation somaclonale extrêmement importante qui affecte, notamment, la couleur des fleurs pour 2 donneurs bicolores. Une plante s'est révélée autofertile. Les caractères nouveaux sont stables après 1 année de culture en serre ou de multiplication in vitro, ils se transmettent dans les descendances sexuées par la voie mâle.

Abstract - In vitro culture of Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus L). III. Study of plants regenerated by somatic embryogenesis from the anther superficial tissues. Plants without apparent callus can be obtained by direct embryogenesis from the superficial tissues of anthers in R asiaticus. The plants are vigourous, generally diploid, rarely tetraploid or aneuploid, never haploid. They have the same allelic S structure as their donor (except for mutation). In spite of their somatic origin, these plants present a very important somaclonal variation which especially concerns the flower colour for 2 bicoloured donors (table I). In particular among the 17 somatic issues from a yellow with red fringe genotype, 10 have a homogeneous red colour and 7 remain bicoloured but the anthocyanic border of their petals is fairly wide. One plant appears self-compatible and cross-compatible with the 5 plants tested and used as females which were of the same donor origin (table II). The new characters are stable after cultivation under greenhouse conditions and in vitro multiplication for 1 year. Nine crosses between different plants obtained through somatic embryogenesis and an acyanic test plant indicate a very good transmissibility of the new specificities (colour and self-compatibility) from 1 generation to the next (table III).