Breaking dormancy of GF305 peach and Real Fino apricot trees during the evaluation of resistance to sharka (plum pox potyvirus)

Issue		Agron. Sustain. Dev. Volume 20, Number 8, December 2000


Page(s)		885 - 891
DOI		10.1051/agro:2000165

DOI: 10.1051/agro:2000165

Agronomie 20 (2000) 885-891

Breaking dormancy of GF305 peach and Real Fino apricot trees during the evaluation of resistance to sharka (plum pox potyvirus)

P. Martínez-Gómez - F. Dicenta - J. Egea

Departamento de Mejora y Patología Vegetal, CEBAS-CSIC, Apartado 4195, 30080 Murcia, Spain

(Received 9 March 2000; accepted 20 June 2000)

Abstract:

In countries like Spain or France, where sharka (plum pox potyvirus) is not as widespread as it is in Greece or Central Europe, experiments to evaluate apricot resistance have to be carried out in controlled conditions using insect-proof greenhouses. One of the most important aspects of such growth conditions is the application of periods of artificially induced dormancy in cold chambers so that tree species from temperate zones can undergo the necessary endodormancy-breaking step. In the experiment described in this paper, GF305 peach and Real Fino apricot seedlings were exposed to artificial periods of cold (7 $^\circ$ C) and darkness lasting 3 to 12 weeks (between 504 and 2016 hours of cold) in order to determine the optimum period for subsequent good vegetative growth. After removal from the cold chamber, the plants were placed in a greenhouse and weekly recordings were made of the percentage of leaf buds sprouted and vegetative growth. The optimal periods were found to be 5 weeks (840 hours of cold) for GF305 and 8 weeks (1344 hours of cold) for Real Fino.

Keywords: Prunus armeniaca L. / peach / apricot / artificial dormancy

Résumé:

Levée de dormance du pêcher GF305 et de l'abricotier Real Fino pendant l'évaluation de la résistance à la sharka (plum pox potyvirus). Dans des pays comme la France ou l'Espagne, où la sharka n'est pas aussi répandue qu'en Grèce ou en Europe Centrale, les expériences pour évaluer la résistance de l'abricotier doivent être conduites dans des conditions contrôlées en utilisant des serres indemnes d'insectes. Un des aspects les plus importants des ces conditions de culture est la nécessité d'appliquer des périodes d'induction artificielle de dormance pour que ces arbres des zones tempérées puissent passer l'étape indispensable de la levée de dormance. Dans l'expérience décrite, des plantules du pêcher GF305 et de l'abricotier Real Fino ont été exposées à des périodes artificielles de froid (7 $^\circ$ C) et d'obscurité durant 3 à 12 semaines (entre 504 et 2016 heures de froid) pour définir la période optimale permettant une bonne croissance végétative subséquente. A la sortie de la chambre froide, les plantes ont été placées en serre et des mesures hebdomadaires ont été faites du pourcentage de bourgeons de feuilles démarrés et de la croissance végétative. Les périodes optimales ont été de 5 semaines (840 heures de froid) pour GF 305 et de 8 semaines (1344 heures de froid) pour Real Fino.

Mots clé : Prunus armeniaca L. / pêcher / abricotier / dormance artificielle

Correspondence and reprints: F. Dicenta;
e-mail: fdicenta@natura.cebas.csic.es

Communicated by Jan Stenlid (Uppsala, Sweden)

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