Short-distance dispersal of wheat rust spores

Issue		Agron. Sustain. Dev. Volume 20, Number 7, November 2000 Cereal rusts and powdery mildews in Europe: epidemiology, pathogen virulence and host resistance (COST 817)


Page(s)		757 - 767
DOI		10.1051/agro:2000102

DOI: 10.1051/agro:2000102

Agronomie 20 (2000) 757-767

Short-distance dispersal of wheat rust spores

Ivan Sache

INRA, Laboratoire de Pathologie Végétale, BP 01, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France

(Received 1 February 2000; revised 23 June 2000; accepted 3 August 2000)

Abstract:

After a brief description of the biophysical environment of diseased plants, mechanisms of short-distance dispersal of wheat rust spores by wind and rain are reviewed. Wind, and especially intermittent gusts, is the main agent of removal and transport of spores. Whereas wind does not seem to limit the process of short-distance dispersal, the effect of rain events is more complex. Laboratory and field experiments have shown that rain events enhance spore removal from sporulating lesions. Rain events also scrub airborne spores and deposit them onto susceptible plants. Extended or violent rain events, however, may finally wash off spores already deposited on leaves and be detrimental to the spread of disease.

Keywords: wheat / rust / rain / wind / epidemiology

Résumé:

Dissémination à courte distance des spores des rouilles du blé par le vent et la pluie. Après une brève description de l'environnement biophysique des plantes malades, les mécanismes de dispersion à courte distance des spores des rouilles du blé par le vent et par la pluie sont discutés. Le vent, surtout lorsqu'il est intermittent, est l'agent principal de libération et de transport des spores. Alors que le vent ne semble jamais avoir d'action limitante sur la dispersion des spores à courte distance, l'influence des épisodes pluvieux est plus complexe. Des expérimentations au champ et en laboratoire ont montré que les épisodes pluvieux favorisent la libération des spores à partir des lésions sporulantes. Les épisodes pluvieux lessivent également les spores contenues dans l'air et les déposent sur les plantes sensibles. Cependant, des épisodes pluvieux prolongés ou violents peuvent entraîner le lessivage des spores déjà déposées sur les feuilles, et être ainsi défavorables à la progression de la maladie.

Mots clé : blé / rouille / pluie / vent / épidémiologie

Correspondence and reprints: Ivan Sache
e-mail: sache@grignon.inra.fr

Communicated by Hanne Østergård (Roskilde, Denmark)

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